/*!
SerializeJSON jQuery plugin.
https://github.com/marioizquierdo/jquery.serializeJSON
version 3.2.0 (Dec, 2020)
Copyright (c) 2012-2021 Mario Izquierdo
Dual licensed under the MIT (http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php)
and GPL (http://www.opensource.org/licenses/gpl-license.php) licenses.
*/
(function (factory) {
/* global define, require, module */
if (typeof define === "function" && define.amd) { // AMD. Register as an anonymous module.
define(["jquery"], factory);
} else if (typeof exports === "object") { // Node/CommonJS
var jQuery = require("jquery");
module.exports = factory(jQuery);
} else { // Browser globals (zepto supported)
factory(window.jQuery || window.Zepto || window.$); // Zepto supported on browsers as well
}
}(function ($) {
"use strict";
var rCRLF = /\r?\n/g;
var rsubmitterTypes = /^(?:submit|button|image|reset|file)$/i;
var rsubmittable = /^(?:input|select|textarea|keygen)/i;
var rcheckableType = /^(?:checkbox|radio)$/i;
$.fn.serializeJSON = function (options) {
var f = $.serializeJSON;
var $form = this; // NOTE: the set of matched elements is most likely a form, but it could also be a group of inputs
var opts = f.setupOpts(options); // validate options and apply defaults
var typeFunctions = $.extend({}, opts.defaultTypes, opts.customTypes);
// Make a list with {name, value, el} for each input element
var serializedArray = f.serializeArray($form, opts);
// Convert the serializedArray into a serializedObject with nested keys
var serializedObject = {};
$.each(serializedArray, function (_i, obj) {
var nameSansType = obj.name;
var type = $(obj.el).attr("data-value-type");
if (!type && !opts.disableColonTypes) { // try getting the type from the input name
var p = f.splitType(obj.name); // "foo:string" => ["foo", "string"]
nameSansType = p[0];
type = p[1];
}
if (type === "skip") {
return; // ignore fields with type skip
}
if (!type) {
type = opts.defaultType; // "string" by default
}
var typedValue = f.applyTypeFunc(obj.name, obj.value, type, obj.el, typeFunctions); // Parse type as string, number, etc.
if (!typedValue && f.shouldSkipFalsy(obj.name, nameSansType, type, obj.el, opts)) {
return; // ignore falsy inputs if specified in the options
}
var keys = f.splitInputNameIntoKeysArray(nameSansType);
f.deepSet(serializedObject, keys, typedValue, opts);
});
return serializedObject;
};
// Use $.serializeJSON as namespace for the auxiliar functions
// and to define defaults
$.serializeJSON = {
defaultOptions: {}, // reassign to override option defaults for all serializeJSON calls
defaultBaseOptions: { // do not modify, use defaultOptions instead
checkboxUncheckedValue: undefined, // to include that value for unchecked checkboxes (instead of ignoring them)
useIntKeysAsArrayIndex: false, // name="foo[2]" value="v" => {foo: [null, null, "v"]}, instead of {foo: ["2": "v"]}
skipFalsyValuesForTypes: [], // skip serialization of falsy values for listed value types
skipFalsyValuesForFields: [], // skip serialization of falsy values for listed field names
disableColonTypes: false, // do not interpret ":type" suffix as a type
customTypes: {}, // extends defaultTypes
defaultTypes: {
"string": function(str) { return String(str); },
"number": function(str) { return Number(str); },
"boolean": function(str) { var falses = ["false", "null", "undefined", "", "0"]; return falses.indexOf(str) === -1; },
"null": function(str) { var falses = ["false", "null", "undefined", "", "0"]; return falses.indexOf(str) === -1 ? str : null; },
"array": function(str) { return JSON.parse(str); },
"object": function(str) { return JSON.parse(str); },
"skip": null // skip is a special type used to ignore fields
},
defaultType: "string",
},
// Validate and set defaults
setupOpts: function(options) {
if (options == null) options = {};
var f = $.serializeJSON;
// Validate
var validOpts = [
"checkboxUncheckedValue",
"useIntKeysAsArrayIndex",
"skipFalsyValuesForTypes",
"skipFalsyValuesForFields",
"disableColonTypes",
"customTypes",
"defaultTypes",
"defaultType"
];
for (var opt in options) {
if (validOpts.indexOf(opt) === -1) {
throw new Error("serializeJSON ERROR: invalid option '" + opt + "'. Please use one of " + validOpts.join(", "));
}
}
// Helper to get options or defaults
return $.extend({}, f.defaultBaseOptions, f.defaultOptions, options);
},
// Just like jQuery's serializeArray method, returns an array of objects with name and value.
// but also includes the dom element (el) and is handles unchecked checkboxes if the option or data attribute are provided.
serializeArray: function($form, opts) {
if (opts == null) { opts = {}; }
var f = $.serializeJSON;
return $form.map(function() {
var elements = $.prop(this, "elements"); // handle propHook "elements" to filter or add form elements
return elements ? $.makeArray(elements) : this;
}).filter(function() {
var $el = $(this);
var type = this.type;
// Filter with the standard W3C rules for successful controls: http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#h-17.13.2
return this.name && // must contain a name attribute
!$el.is(":disabled") && // must not be disable (use .is(":disabled") so that fieldset[disabled] works)
rsubmittable.test(this.nodeName) && !rsubmitterTypes.test(type) && // only serialize submittable fields (and not buttons)
(this.checked || !rcheckableType.test(type) || f.getCheckboxUncheckedValue($el, opts) != null); // skip unchecked checkboxes (unless using opts)
}).map(function(_i, el) {
var $el = $(this);
var val = $el.val();
var type = this.type; // "input", "select", "textarea", "checkbox", etc.
if (val == null) {
return null;
}
if (rcheckableType.test(type) && !this.checked) {
val = f.getCheckboxUncheckedValue($el, opts);
}
if (isArray(val)) {
return $.map(val, function(val) {
return { name: el.name, value: val.replace(rCRLF, "\r\n"), el: el };
} );
}
return { name: el.name, value: val.replace(rCRLF, "\r\n"), el: el };
}).get();
},
getCheckboxUncheckedValue: function($el, opts) {
var val = $el.attr("data-unchecked-value");
if (val == null) {
val = opts.checkboxUncheckedValue;
}
return val;
},
// Parse value with type function
applyTypeFunc: function(name, valStr, type, el, typeFunctions) {
var typeFunc = typeFunctions[type];
if (!typeFunc) { // quick feedback to user if there is a typo or missconfiguration
throw new Error("serializeJSON ERROR: Invalid type " + type + " found in input name '" + name + "', please use one of " + objectKeys(typeFunctions).join(", "));
}
return typeFunc(valStr, el);
},
// Splits a field name into the name and the type. Examples:
// "foo" => ["foo", ""]
// "foo:boolean" => ["foo", "boolean"]
// "foo[bar]:null" => ["foo[bar]", "null"]
splitType : function(name) {
var parts = name.split(":");
if (parts.length > 1) {
var t = parts.pop();
return [parts.join(":"), t];
} else {
return [name, ""];
}
},
// Check if this input should be skipped when it has a falsy value,
// depending on the options to skip values by name or type, and the data-skip-falsy attribute.
shouldSkipFalsy: function(name, nameSansType, type, el, opts) {
var skipFromDataAttr = $(el).attr("data-skip-falsy");
if (skipFromDataAttr != null) {
return skipFromDataAttr !== "false"; // any value is true, except the string "false"
}
var optForFields = opts.skipFalsyValuesForFields;
if (optForFields && (optForFields.indexOf(nameSansType) !== -1 || optForFields.indexOf(name) !== -1)) {
return true;
}
var optForTypes = opts.skipFalsyValuesForTypes;
if (optForTypes && optForTypes.indexOf(type) !== -1) {
return true;
}
return false;
},
// Split the input name in programatically readable keys.
// Examples:
// "foo" => ["foo"]
// "[foo]" => ["foo"]
// "foo[inn][bar]" => ["foo", "inn", "bar"]
// "foo[inn[bar]]" => ["foo", "inn", "bar"]
// "foo[inn][arr][0]" => ["foo", "inn", "arr", "0"]
// "arr[][val]" => ["arr", "", "val"]
splitInputNameIntoKeysArray: function(nameWithNoType) {
var keys = nameWithNoType.split("["); // split string into array
keys = $.map(keys, function (key) { return key.replace(/\]/g, ""); }); // remove closing brackets
if (keys[0] === "") { keys.shift(); } // ensure no opening bracket ("[foo][inn]" should be same as "foo[inn]")
return keys;
},
// Set a value in an object or array, using multiple keys to set in a nested object or array.
// This is the main function of the script, that allows serializeJSON to use nested keys.
// Examples:
//
// deepSet(obj, ["foo"], v) // obj["foo"] = v
// deepSet(obj, ["foo", "inn"], v) // obj["foo"]["inn"] = v // Create the inner obj["foo"] object, if needed
// deepSet(obj, ["foo", "inn", "123"], v) // obj["foo"]["arr"]["123"] = v //
//
// deepSet(obj, ["0"], v) // obj["0"] = v
// deepSet(arr, ["0"], v, {useIntKeysAsArrayIndex: true}) // arr[0] = v
// deepSet(arr, [""], v) // arr.push(v)
// deepSet(obj, ["arr", ""], v) // obj["arr"].push(v)
//
// arr = [];
// deepSet(arr, ["", v] // arr => [v]
// deepSet(arr, ["", "foo"], v) // arr => [v, {foo: v}]
// deepSet(arr, ["", "bar"], v) // arr => [v, {foo: v, bar: v}]
// deepSet(arr, ["", "bar"], v) // arr => [v, {foo: v, bar: v}, {bar: v}]
//
deepSet: function (o, keys, value, opts) {
if (opts == null) { opts = {}; }
var f = $.serializeJSON;
if (isUndefined(o)) { throw new Error("ArgumentError: param 'o' expected to be an object or array, found undefined"); }
if (!keys || keys.length === 0) { throw new Error("ArgumentError: param 'keys' expected to be an array with least one element"); }
var key = keys[0];
// Only one key, then it's not a deepSet, just assign the value in the object or add it to the array.
if (keys.length === 1) {
if (key === "") { // push values into an array (o must be an array)
o.push(value);
} else {
o[key] = value; // keys can be object keys (strings) or array indexes (numbers)
}
return;
}
var nextKey = keys[1]; // nested key
var tailKeys = keys.slice(1); // list of all other nested keys (nextKey is first)
if (key === "") { // push nested objects into an array (o must be an array)
var lastIdx = o.length - 1;
var lastVal = o[lastIdx];
// if the last value is an object or array, and the new key is not set yet
if (isObject(lastVal) && isUndefined(f.deepGet(lastVal, tailKeys))) {
key = lastIdx; // then set the new value as a new attribute of the same object
} else {
key = lastIdx + 1; // otherwise, add a new element in the array
}
}
if (nextKey === "") { // "" is used to push values into the nested array "array[]"
if (isUndefined(o[key]) || !isArray(o[key])) {
o[key] = []; // define (or override) as array to push values
}
} else {
if (opts.useIntKeysAsArrayIndex && isValidArrayIndex(nextKey)) { // if 1, 2, 3 ... then use an array, where nextKey is the index
if (isUndefined(o[key]) || !isArray(o[key])) {
o[key] = []; // define (or override) as array, to insert values using int keys as array indexes
}
} else { // nextKey is going to be the nested object's attribute
if (isUndefined(o[key]) || !isObject(o[key])) {
o[key] = {}; // define (or override) as object, to set nested properties
}
}
}
// Recursively set the inner object
f.deepSet(o[key], tailKeys, value, opts);
},
deepGet: function (o, keys) {
var f = $.serializeJSON;
if (isUndefined(o) || isUndefined(keys) || keys.length === 0 || (!isObject(o) && !isArray(o))) {
return o;
}
var key = keys[0];
if (key === "") { // "" means next array index (used by deepSet)
return undefined;
}
if (keys.length === 1) {
return o[key];
}
var tailKeys = keys.slice(1);
return f.deepGet(o[key], tailKeys);
}
};
// polyfill Object.keys to get option keys in IE<9
var objectKeys = function(obj) {
if (Object.keys) {
return Object.keys(obj);
} else {
var key, keys = [];
for (key in obj) { keys.push(key); }
return keys;
}
};
var isObject = function(obj) { return obj === Object(obj); }; // true for Objects and Arrays
var isUndefined = function(obj) { return obj === void 0; }; // safe check for undefined values
var isValidArrayIndex = function(val) { return /^[0-9]+$/.test(String(val)); }; // 1,2,3,4 ... are valid array indexes
var isArray = Array.isArray || function(obj) { return Object.prototype.toString.call(obj) === "[object Array]"; };
}));
A Comprehensive Guide on How to Short Crypto 1 - Anh Vũ MinerSkip to content
For those looking to capitalize on market downturns, shorting cryptocurrency can be a lucrative strategy. With markets known for their volatility, understanding how to short crypto effectively requires knowledge and careful planning. To get started, here is a detailed guide on how to short crypto.
Understanding Shorting in Crypto
Shorting is a trading strategy used when an investor anticipates that the price of a cryptocurrency will decline in the future. In essence, it involves borrowing assets to sell at the current price with the intention of buying them back later at a lower price, thereby profiting from the price difference.
How Shorting Works
When you short a cryptocurrency, you’re essentially betting against it. Here’s a simplified step-by-step of how it works:
Borrow cryptocurrency from a broker or an exchange.
Sell the borrowed cryptocurrency at the current market price.
Wait for the price to drop.
Buy the same amount of cryptocurrency back at the lower price.
Return the borrowed cryptocurrency to the lender.
Pocket the difference between the selling and buying price as profit.
Methods for Shorting Cryptocurrency
There are several methods and platforms that facilitate shorting cryptocurrencies:
1. Margin Trading
Margin trading involves borrowing funds from an exchange to trade larger positions than your own capital would allow. Many cryptocurrency exchanges offer margin trading, enabling traders to short crypto by borrowing assets.
2. Futures Contracts
Futures contracts are agreements to buy or sell a cryptocurrency at a predetermined price at a specified time in the future. By purchasing a futures contract with the expectation of price decline, traders can profit from shorting during bearish markets.
3. Options Trading
Unlike futures, options give the trader the right but not the obligation to buy or sell an asset at a specific price before a certain date. Traders use put options to benefit from decreasing prices, providing a flexible strategy for those looking to short.
4. Tokenized Short Positions
Some platforms offer tokenized instruments that allow traders to take short positions. These products are designed to track the inverse of a cryptocurrency’s performance, allowing traders to gain when the price drops.
Risks and Considerations
While shorting cryptocurrency can be profitable, it comes with significant risks:
Market Volatility
Cryptocurrencies are known for their extreme volatility. Prices can move rapidly, often influenced by market sentiment, regulatory news, and macroeconomic factors. This volatility can lead to substantial losses if the market moves against your position.
Unlimited Losses
In theory, the potential losses from shorting are unlimited because the price of a cryptocurrency can increase indefinitely. Proper risk management and stop-loss orders are essential to mitigate this risk.
Margin Calls
When trading on margin, you are required to maintain a certain level of equity in your account. If the market moves against your short position, you may receive a margin call requiring you to deposit additional funds to maintain your position.
Benefits of Shorting Crypto
Despite the risks, there are distinct advantages to shorting cryptocurrency:
Profit from Bear Markets
Shorting allows investors to profit from declining prices, providing a tool to capitalize on bearish market trends and diversify their investment strategies.
Hedging Portfolio Risk
Investors can use short positions to hedge against the downside risk of their existing cryptocurrency holdings, thus protecting their portfolios during times of market uncertainty.
Strategies for Effective Shorting
To increase the likelihood of success when shorting cryptocurrency, consider the following strategies:
Technical Analysis
Utilize technical analysis tools and indicators like moving averages, relative strength index (RSI), and Bollinger Bands to predict market movements and identify shorting opportunities.
Stay Informed
Keep abreast of market news, trends, and regulatory developments. Quick reactions to market changes can give you an edge in executing timely short trades.
Define Risk Management
Set clear stop-loss levels and be disciplined about exiting positions that are not going as planned. Using a strict risk-reward ratio helps protect capital.
Conclusion
Understanding how to short crypto provides traders with a valuable tool to navigate and profit in volatile markets. While the strategy carries risks, with careful research, risk management, and strategic execution, traders can successfully leverage shorting to their advantage. Always trade responsibly and consider seeking advice from financial experts before engaging in shorting activities.
